Syllabus : Botany
SECTION - A: GENRAL
1. The Cell: As a unit of structure and
function, fine structure of cell components as seen I electron microscope:
Reference to mitochondria, plastids, centrosome, lysosome, microsome,
endosplasmic reticulm ribosome, nucleus and nuclear membranes and cell wall.
2. (a) Protoplasmic: A highly complex organization, its
constituents, physical and chemical properties.
(b) Non=Protoplasmic: Cell inclusion and their
significance.
3. Cell formation: Free cell formati0on, amitosis, somatic mitosis,
duplication of DNA and its transfer to daughter cells, significance of mitosis,
Process of meiosis and its relation to life-cycle. Difference in cell divisions
between animal cell and plant cell.
4. ECOLOGY
(a) Its meaning, ecological factors (climatic, physio graphic, edaphic and
biotic).
(b) Elementary knowledge of Ecosystem, its meaning and structure, abiotic
and biotic components e.g. minerals and gases dissolved in water, producer,
consumers, decomposers Pond and forest ecosystem.
(c) Flld Chain: Food web and food pyramids, Man in the ecosystem.
(d) Elementary knowledge of Environmental Pollution: its causes and control,
Kinds of pollution, Household detergents, Sewage, Chemicals from industry,
Automobile exhausts, Nuclear fission, Radioactive substances, Smoke sound and
pesticides.
(e) Soil-conservation.
5. Heredity: Its meaning, Mendalism, Mendel's experiments and Laws of
inheritance.
SECTION - B : TYPICALAND SPECIFIC STUDIES
1. A modern classification of plant kingdom (Ref. Osmald
and Tippos book).
2. Sporogenessis: Formation of micro and mega
spores.
3. Detailed study of life-history of an angiospermic plant
up to seed formation.
4. Fruits.
5. Dispersal of fruits and seeds.
6. Cell differentiation: Plant tissues, classification of
meristematic and permanent tissues & their works,
7. Histology of typical root, stem and leaf: Differences
between Dicot and Monocot stems, general and secondary growth of root and stem.
Basic knowledge of internal structure of ecological types (Hydrophytes,
Xerophytes and Mesophytes).
8. Systematic study of representative types from the
important phyla, occurrence, structure and life history of the following:
(a) Algae: Elementary knowledge (general characters and
uses), detailed study of Ulothrix and spirogyra.
(b) Bacteria: Structure, modes of nutrition, reproduction
and economic importance.
(c) Fungi: A broad outline of fungi and detailed study of
Rhizopus and Yeast, their economic importance.
(d) Bryophyta: A broad outline of Bryophytes and their
economic importance, Detailed study of Moss e.g. Funaria.
(e) Pteridophyta: A broad outline of pteridophytes,
(f) Gymnosperms: General account and outline of lifecycle
of Cycas.
9. Broad classification of Angiosperms. Description
identification and economic importance of the following families:
Cruciferae, Malvaceae, Leuminosae, Solanaceae, Compositae, Cucurnitaceae and
Liliaceae.
10. (a) Composition of palnt ash, inorganic nutrients in
soil water, absorption by root hairs, osmosis, conduction, root pressure.
(b) Nitrogen cycle.
(c) Special modes of nutrition in plants: (Autotrophic, heterotraphic,
insectivorous) and their ecological relationship.
11. Photosynthesis: Chloroplast, role of light, chlorophyll
and carbon dixide, mechanism of photosynthesis. Formation and role of ATP,
Signifacance of photosynthesis and Photosynthetic products.
12. Transpiration: Factors and significance, mechanism of
opening and elosing of stomata.
13. Translocation and storage of food.
14. Respiration : Aerobic and anaerobic Respiration, main
steps in the mechanism of respiration (elementary knowledge of glycolysis and
Kreb's cycle), Process of fermentation and its economic importance.
15. Growth and Movements: Definition of growth,
measurement, chief types of movements in plants. Hormones and their role in
growth.
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