Physics

The syllabus contains two sections – A and B Section – A pertains to the theory part having 80% weightage. While section – B contains Practical Component (Experimental skills) having 20% weightage.

SECTION – A UNIT 1: PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT

Physics technology and society, SI units, Fundamental and derived units, least count, accuracy and precision of measuring instruments, Errors in measurement, Dimensions of Physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its application

UNIT 2: KINEMATICS

Frame of reference, Motion in a straight line: position- time graph, speed and instantaneous velocity uniformly accelerated motion, velocity – time, position time graph, relations for uniformly accelerated motion, scalars and Vectors, Vector addition and subtraction, Zero vector, Scalar and Vector products, Unit vector, resolution of a Vector, Relative Velocity Motions in a plane, Projectile Motion, Uniform Circular Motion

UNIT 3: LAWS OF MOTION

Force and inertia, Newton’s First Law of Motion: Momentum, Newton’s Second Law of motion, Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications, Equilibrium of concurrent forces. Statics and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction Dynamic of uniform circular motion: Centripetal force and its applications.

UNIT 4: WORK, ENERGY AND POWER

Centre of mass of a two- particle system, centre of mass of a rigid body: Basic concepts of rotational motion: moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications: moment of inertia, radius of gyration values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical

Objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorem and their applications, Rigid body rotation, equations of rotational motion.

UNIT 6: GRAVITATION

The universal law of gravitation, Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth, Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, Gravitational potential energy, , Gravitational potential, Escape velocity, orbital velocity of a satellite, Geo- stationary satellites

UNIT 7: PROPERTIES OF SOLID AND LIQUIDS

Elastic behavior, Stress strain relationship, Hooke’s law Young’s modulus bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity, Pressure due to a fluid column, Pascal’s law and its applications, Viscosity Stokes law terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, Reynolds number, Bernoulli’s principle and its applications, Surface energy and surface tensions, angle of contact, application of surface tension – drops, bubbles and capillary rise, heat temperature thermal expansions specific heat capacity, calorimetric: change of state latent heat, Heat transfer conduction convection and radiation, Newton’s law of cooling

UNIT 8: THERMODYNAMICS

Thermal equilibrium zeroth law of thermodynamics, concepts of temperature, Heat work and internal energy, First law of thermodynamics, Second law of thermodynamics reversible and irreversible processes, Cannot engine and its efficiency

UNIT 9: KINETIC THEORY OF GASES

Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas, kinetic theory of gases assumptions, concept of pressure, kinetic energy and temperature, rms speed of gas molecules, Degree of freedom Law of equipartition of energy, applications to specific heat capacities of gases, Mean free path Avogadro’s number.

UNIT 10: OSCILATIONS AND WAVES

Periodic motion – period frequency displacement as a function of time, periodic function, Simple harmonic motion (S. H. M.) and its equation: phase oscillations of a spring restoring force and force constant energy in S.H.M. kinetic and potential energies: simple pendulum, derivation of expression for its time period: Free, forced and damped oscillations, resonance.

Wave motion, longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a wave, and displacement relation for a progressive wave, principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, Standing waves in string and organ pipes

UNIT 11 ELETROSTATICS

Electric charges, conservation of charges, Coulomb’s law forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charges: superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.

Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, Electric dipole, Electric field due to a dipole. Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field

Electric flux, Gauss’s law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell, Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges, Equi-potential surface Electrical potential energy of a system of charges: equipotential surface, Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges in an electrostatic field

Conductors and insulators, Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitor, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, Energy stored in a capacitor

UNIT 12: CURRENT ELECTRICITY

Electric current, Drift velocity, ohm’s law, Electrical resistance, Resistance of different materials, V- I Fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats, Doppler Effect in sound

Characteristics of Ohmic and nonohmic conductors, Electrical energy and power, Electrical resistivity, Color code for resisters: Series and parallel combinations of resisters: Temperature dependence of resistance.

Electric Cell and its internal resistance, Potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel, Kirchoff’s laws and their applications, Wheatstone bridge, Meter bridge, Potentiometer – principle and its applications Magnetic susceptibility and permeability, Hysteresis, Electromagnets and permanent magnets

UNIT 13: MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM

Biot – Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop, Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid, Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields, Cyclotron Force on a current carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force between two parallel current carrying conductors definitions of ampere. Torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field, Moving coil galvanometer, its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.

Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines: Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements, Para – dia and ferro magnetic substance

UNIT 14: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENTS

Electromagnetic induction: Faraday’s law, induced emf and current: Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents, self and mutual inductance. Alternating currents, peaks and rms value of alternating current/ voltage: reactance and impedance: LCR series circuit, resonance: Quality factor, power in AC circuits, wattles AC generator and transformer

UNIT 15: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics, Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves

Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X rays, gamma rays) application of e. m. waves.

UNIT 16: OPTICS

Reflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical surface, mirror formula, Total internal reflection and its applications, Deviation and Dispersion of light by a prism, Lens Formula, Magnification, Power of a Lens. Combination of thin lenses in contact, Microscope and astronomical Telescope (reflecting and reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers

Wave optics: wave front and Huygens principle Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens’s principle, Interference, Young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum, Resolving power of microscope and astronomical telescope, Polarization, plane polarized light and Polaroid’s.

UNIT 17: DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION

Dual nature of radiation, photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations, Einstein’s photoelectric equation: particle nature of light, Matter waves – wave nature of particle, de Broglie relation, Davisson- Germer experiment.

UNIT 18: ATOMS AND NUCLEI

Alpha-particle scattering experiment: Rutherford’s model of atom: Bohar model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum, Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars: isotones, Radioactivity-Alpha, beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties: radioactive decay law, Mass-energy relation, mass defect: binding energy per nucleon and its variations with mass number, nuclear fission and fusion

UNIT 19: ELECTRONIC DEVICES

Semiconductors: semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias: diode as a rectifier: I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zener diode: Zener diode as a voltage regulator, Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor: transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator, Logic gates (OR, AND, NAND, and NOR), Transistor as a switch

UNIT 20: COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere: Sky and space wave propagation. Need for modulation, Amplitude and frequency modulation, Bandwidth of signals, Bandwidth of transmission medium, basic elements of a Communication System (Block Diagram only)

SECTION – B
UNIT 21: EXPERMENTAL SKILLS

Familiarity with the basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities:
1. Venire calipers its use to measure internal and external diameter and depth of a vessel
2. Screw gauge – its use to determine thickness diameter of thin sheet/wire
3. simple Pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between square of amplitude and time.
4. Meter Scale-mass of a given object by principle of moments.
5. Young’s modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire.
6. Surface tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents.
7. Co- efficient of viscosity of a given viscus liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a given spherical body.
8. plotting a cooling curve for the relationship between the temperature of a hot body and time.
9. Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube.
10. Specific heat capacity of a given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by method of mixtures.
11. Resistivity of the material of a given wire using metre bridge.
12.Resistivity of the material of a given wire using metre bridge.
13. Potentiometre –
(i) Comparision of emf of two primary cells.
(ii) Determination of internal resistance of a cell.
14. Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method.
15. Focal length of:
(i) Convex mirror
(i) Convex mirror
(ii) Concave mirror and
(iii) Convex lens
Using parallax method
16. Plot of angle of derivation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism.
17. Refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
18. Characteristic curves of a p –n junction diode in forward and reverse bias
19. Characteristic curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse break down voltage.
20. Characteristic curves of a transistor and finding current gain and voltage gain.
21. Identification of diode LED transistor, IC, resistor, Capacitor from mixed collection of such items.
(i)Identify base of transistor
(ii)Distinguish between npn and pnp type transistor
(iii)See the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and a LED
(iv)Check the correctness or otherwise of a given electronic component (diode, transistor or IC)